Evolution of Managment Free Essay Example, 2000 words

In perusing the evolution of management, one may conclude that the schools of thought have spawned out of conflicting ideas. This could be the culprit of the lack of consensus -- conflicting ideas and the consequent discredit of valid ideas, or assumptions. However, more factors contributing to management theory s ambiguity were identified. Koontz (1980) in his article The Management Theory Jungle Revisited enumerated these factors as follows: 1) varying meanings for common terms like organization; 2) differences in defining management as a body of knowledge; and 3) lacking in recognition of the nature and role of principles and theory (p. 175). Each of these aspects has different levels of impact in serving the schools of management. The common ground of all management theories could have been glued together by commonality in contextual meanings and uniformity of perceiving management as a science. Though it is expected that with different sectors (e. g., engineers, mathemat icians, industrialists, behaviorists, psychologists, et cetera), a different language medium arises, the context by which management is concerned as a whole should have taken a singular meaning. Moreover, contextual meanings of common words used effectively reflect the perception the proponents had of management. We will write a custom essay sample on Evolution of Managment or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Health Care System in Germany - 2387 Words

Healthcare finance assignment Introduction The German health care system [pic] The German health care system has the reputation of being one of the best in the world. There is an extensive network of hospitals and doctors covering even the remotest areas of Germany. Waiting lists for treatments are rare. Medical facilities are equipped with the latest technology and the statutory health insurance scheme provides nearly full cover for most medical treatments and medicines. Almost everybody in Germany has access to this system, irrespective of income or social status. The downside is that medical costs are high. Health care costs - for doctors, hospital stays and even medicines - are among the most expensive in the world. There is no such†¦show more content†¦When is state health insurance mandatory? As of 2007, state health insurance was compulsory for the following groups: †¢ Employees whose regular income before deductions does exceeds â‚ ¬400 per month and remains below a set annual limit. In 2006, the general annual gross income limit for mandatory state insurance was â‚ ¬47.250. †¢ Students at state and state-approved universities. †¢ People on work experience (internships) or in secondary education †¢ Old-age pensioners who have been in a statutory health insurance scheme or insured as a family member for most of the latter half of their working life. †¢ Unemployed people receiving benefits from Federal Employment Services (with some exceptions) You can within a period of three months join a state health insurance scheme voluntarily if you: †¢ Have been a compulsory member, your membership is terminated and you have certain qualifying insurance periods †¢ Are an employee and your income in your first job exceeds the limit, as long as you apply for membership within three months of starting work †¢ Are severely disabled (subject to certain other requirements) †¢ Have been insured through a family member for a specific minimum period and this insurance has expired Students from countries with which Germany has concluded a social security agreement which includes an insurance clause can continue to be covered by their homeShow MoreRelatedEssay On Germany Health Care System1369 Words   |  6 PagesUS health care system and Germany health care system. After watching the PBS special video, it interested me that Germany can provide coverage for all while maintaining its infrastructure and financial stability and has continued to do so for so many years. Germany, has one of the most comprehensive benefit packages and the highest levels of supply quality through resources and benefits provided, the relatively high level of efficiency with comparable costs, ranks Germany’s health care system asRead MoreEssay On Germany Health Care Delivery System826 Words   |  4 Pagesexamines and compares aspects of health systems around the world. It also provides conceptual insights into the complex factors that explain how health systems perform, and offers practical advice on how to assess performance and achieve improvements with available resources. What is most surprising about the ranking is the economic components that assist in these two rankings. The United States has a gross domestic product of 18.57 trillion while in contrast, Germany has a one of 34.66.76 billion USRead MoreThe Health Care System Between Germany And The United States953 Words   |  4 PagesI compared the health care system between Germany and the United State s because my first daughter was born in Germany. Germany’s health insurance has much more advantages because there are no differences in the insurance. Every expecting mother has the same coverage and check up at the start of the pregnancy. To illustrate the issue being presented, I am going to list all resources available and the differences when having a baby between Germany and the United States. In Germany, when a women takesRead MoreThe Strength and Weaknesses of Health Care Systems in Germany and the United States.739 Words   |  3 PagesWhat makes a health care system good? There is no such thing as a perfect system, but already some countries are pretty close. In this essay I will be writing about two of the leadings countries in health care, Germany and the United States . Given the complicated nature of the systems, I will narrow it down to the strength and weaknesses of both countries. In 1883, the first health care plan for Germany was created. The government was so impressed that it used this asRead MoreComparing The United States Health Care System With The Federal Republic Of Germany2322 Words   |  10 PagesUNITED STATES HEALTH CARE SYSTEM WITH THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY During the past few decades in the United States, health care cost has been skyrocketing, and many people have lost their insurance as result of the high cost. Approximately 45 million American s are uninsured or they don’t have a real health care plan that can cover all their needs. Some Americans have the perception that even with coverage, cost and other problems in the system, the quality of the Healthcare System in the US isRead MoreWhy I Should Be A Private Healthcare System1056 Words   |  5 Pagesmany years Germany has had one of the best in healthcare System in Europe. Its reputation is also one of the best among the world. There is an extensive network of Hospitals and doctors covering even the most remote area of Germany. It is very rear to find any type of wetting list for any type of treatment. Medical facilities are equipped with the latest technology and medicine research and development team of scientist. Currently, in Germany there is a great healthcare insu rance system that coverRead MoreThe German Health Care System949 Words   |  4 PagesOverview The German health care system is one of the best health system in the world. This evolved system distinguished in many perspectives. Those are the aspects of German health system that will be covered in this report: the structure and characteristics of the German health care system, comparison with the Australian health system, evaluation for the organization and administration of the health system, and policy development in Germany. Structure In the term of health care system structure, thereRead MoreGermanys Universal Insurance Structure1285 Words   |  6 PagesGermany’s universal insurance structure is modeled after a welfare system where everyone pays into the system. Coverage includes dental care, drugs, cash for glasses, and grants for young moms. Germans pay into the system just like most countries and whenever someone becomes ill or has an accident, they receive money. While Germany offers compulsory insurance to its citizens, people are free to buy their insurance from private â€Å"sickness finds†. These sickness funds are nonprofit and cannot deny anyRead MoreUnited States Healthcare System Versus Germany Healthcare Essay1526 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States’ health care system in comparison to the Germany health system seems to be fairly similar in many ways; however there are some major differences. One seems to be divided into public and private sectors and funded mostly by the p ublic; Germanys, is considered better at times which tends to run differently. In the two healthcare systems, both systems are taking the time to spend quite a bit of the governmental revenue on health but still have two of the lower life expectancies.Read MoreThe Health Care Industry Among The United States1318 Words   |  6 Pages Universities stemmed some of the biggest medical advances in the health care industry amongst the world. The educational platform for the United States spells long term success for health care, by growing the next generation of top health care providers. In comparison Germany and Canada also are represented amongst the top 50 medical schools in the world, but lack any representation of the top 10 prestige rankings. On top of that, both other countries lack volume and opportunity to receive a

Indian Farmers Agony Free Essays

Indian Farmers Agony: Brimming Rice and Half PriceDr. Arvind Kumar,Associate Professor( Economics)Govt.M. We will write a custom essay sample on Indian Farmers Agony or any similar topic only for you Order Now G.M.P.G.College, Itarsi Dr. Archana Sharma, Associate Professor(Zoology) Govt.M.G.M.P.G.College, Itarsi In the universe, omnivorous human breed is best among all creatures, created by Almighty. Genesis extricated from the globe because of unavailability to sate their vital need. Existence of human life extremely depends upon agriculture. Food is inevitable for human life†¦ Numerous record and vocal famines in human history, have accounted millions of millions premature deaths. Therefore, foodstuffs have ever been primary concern of humanity. Therefore, our dependence upon agriculture is of utmost importance. Golden epoch of farmers and career Agriculture; backbone of economy: Farmers is an axle, around which all agricultural and industrial activities revolve. There is higher correlation between agriculture and development —whether it be household consumption, industrial, and governmental utilization or need to earn foreign cash to import national necessities. Present scenario: Nervous farmer; of late, nobody wants farming as profession cheerfully. It is very unfortunate to know that ‘ANNADATA’ (Provider of food) under arrest of serious financial stress, many farmers in India, have committed suicide owning to debt. Crime Records Bureau of India in its 2012 annual report acknowledged 13,755 farmers suicide (11.2%) of overall suicides committed in India. Although The National Mental Health Association of the USA States †No matter the race or age of the person; how rich or poor they are, it is true that most people who commit suicide have a mental or emotional disorder†. Suicide is not a matter of economics. Same inference drained by the data released by World Health Organization in 2011.whereas agrarian country ,India’s suicide rate was 13 per 100000; at the same time as that of industrialized nations,were often higher or comparable, South Korea 28.5, Japan 20.1.,etc. ( HINDUSTAN TIMES April 24, 2017).†¢ All above reports seems to be partially true; only to small extent. It is practical, financial stress can fetch not only mental agony but also in various cases, emotional stress as well. Financial paucity is core cause of, numerous political- socio-economical -psychological disorders. It is just a matter of time†¦..when these theories diminish and go to a nightmare. †¢ Climate change; price – output paradox: Most of the farmers in India are marginal farmers. Government of India’s annual report 2016-17 Estimated average size of holding, 1.15 hectare. Farmer’s heavy reliance on weather brings uncertainty of yield. Weather plays vital role for especially marginal farmers. If typical weather is friendly, harvest is good; otherwise, almost poor output is predictable. Most suicide of farmers had reported from water- scarce states like Karnataka, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh etc. †¢ Increasing input cost of production: Agriculture input cost is increasing, rather than output revenue. Management and hiring laborers and latest tools and techniques is costlier to the farmers. Apart from this, usual seeds and crop protecting insecticides and machineries to grow crop and harvesting, such as-tractors to plow, tube- wells to irrigate are nightmare for farmers. Thus, horrific scenarios worry farmers. †¢ Marketing of agricultural production: Majority of farmers are still illiterate. They are neither strong enough to fight with strong gamut of intermediaries, traders and corrupt marketing machineries nor organized to do so. Their crop in the mandis or market place sold manipulatively before their eyes and they are mere spectator. Thus, primarily twist their arm and force farmer to rush localized moneylenders for debt and fulfill their urgent need of time. Climate change plays vital role in farmers well being. Dilemmas of farmers been portrayed as†¦. Influence of population; there is very crucial correlation between agriculture and population. Condorcet and Godwin produced such works, which promised to create heaven on earth. Mercantilists as well as Physiocrate,—-Mirabeau, had always regarded numerous population advantageous . Godwin was so confident and optimistic that he proclaimed, â€Å"Government even in its best state is an evil†. He anticipated such a society in which after breaking the bonds of property, of passions and marriage would live happily on only half a day’s work. Such optimism have some force, and hold true even after a long time†¦.After a rapid growth in the population over the years, there is plenty of food grain in the world, if managed , distributed, skillfully and impartially, keeping humanity above all— cast, creed and beyond geographical boundaries , to the needful of every people of the earth. Farmers have always obtained either semi- crop, due to several explicit and implicit factors. Semi- prices due to socio- economical and political reasons. He is always lagging behind in the facilities of education, health and transportation even after a long time of independence. Meanwhile tries to minimize input cost of labor, this comes at the cost of engaging whole of his family members for the sake of survival of the family, resulting uneducated, unskilled progeny. During the next cycle of division of farms among the heir of farmer’s, descendants work either as manual labor or just a marginal farmer to be anxious, wait and watch, hoping government help and waivers. In Such a horrible scenario, after toiling day and night, it becomes very burdensome to earn bare- bread without butter .Coming out from the vicious cycle of poverty is not possible without welfare and sensitive government. Thus, government intervention to revive farmer’s economic condition is urgent need of time and always solicited. Government efforts and intervention: Our government has ever been reacted positively on farmer’s woes and wounds.Relief packages; As and when required government-provide relief packages to the needy farmers. Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan, or Gujarat or any states of India all helped sometimes or any other. Debt- waiver schemes: At the time of crop failure, due to any natural calamities, such as over pouring and scanty precipitation or drought, respective state governments and Indian government or both many times waived off farmer’s loan. Soil health card: For better productivity, soil health card issued to the farmers for their farms.Integrated scheme for Agricultural Marketing (ISAM) effective since 01.04.2014National Agriculture Market (e-NAM)Model Agricultural Produce and Livestock Marketing (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2017Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS)Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) SUGGESTIONS: As discussed above, it is obvious that, farmers suffer a lot, from vicious cycle of climate change and price determination mechanism of input and output. If Climate favors, brings fortune in the form of good productivity and yield of crops. All together, due to weaker retaining power of their farm product; bring their bumper crops at a time in the market increase supply, resulting poor pricing; due to application of demand and supply laws of economics; connivance of intermediaries, scheming traders and bureaucracy; what is the outcome of this all-copious crop? Farmers bitter experience of unproductive farming, securing semi price for abundant crop. Half- baked price for full- baked rice. Therefore, there is an urgent need to address farmer’s despair in India. Following measures may taken to embalm their miseries— 1) Rainwater should be harvest with full vim and vigor on large scale. Rainwater harvesting tools and techniques should be subsidized and easily available to the farmers.Education and advertisements, Should imparted among the citizens of India to save even single drop of water. Although, this is herculean task and need a lot of finance, yet would prove very fruitful in long run. 2) Twenty -four hours subsidized electricity for irrigation should be provided to the farmers 3) Dependence on chemical fertilizers should gradually mitigated and be substituted with organic fertilizers to sustain fertility and productivity of land. 4) Ceiling of minimum farm size norm, for cultivation should be determined. Below this farm size limit, cooperative farming should be mandatory. 5) Farmland must be saving essentially from any misuse. Every possible attempt should carry out to save agricultural land. High- rise buildings in place of independent dwellings be preferred and permitted like China, to save extra land. Agricultural land should not utilize rather saved from industrial and residential land misuses. 6) It is evident ,due to unawareness and self esteemed How to cite Indian Farmers Agony, Papers

Health Perception Socio-environmental Factors

Question: Is health merely the absence of a disease, or is it more complex and comprehensive? Identify two (2) factors that can influence a person[s view on health and discuss why these are relevant to nursing practice and core provision. Answer: Health is the state of fitness of an individual in all life's aspects which include physical, psychological and public wellbeing but is not only lack of an illness or disability. Hence this suggests that health is viewed in different angles thus is a daily resource whereby physical capabilities, social and personal attributes should be in line with an individual's point of comfort for them to be deemed healthy. For a person to be considered healthy, they should be in a position to deal with changes in their social circles, environment, and economy. Also, a healthy individual should have the ability to recognize, and understanding ambitions that are designed to satisfy their needs (Harris, Nagy Vardaxis, 2014). Health is said to be complex because one can suffer from a chronic disease and at the same time be healthy. Integration of a one's functional health and lifestyle is one of the main issues that promote health. In this view if one is suffering from a terminal illness, they can put an effort in dealing with their lifestyles by exercising; getting enough sleep and eating healthy thus can be termed to be healthy (Marsden, Wilkins, Gill Dieppe, 2014). Socio-environmental factors can lead one be unhealthy even in the absence of a disease. For instance, when a person is faced with challenging tasks at their place of work or their homes, they tend to be slow at coping with the set rules and deadlines set hence affecting their mental fitness. Health to that effect is not the lack of an illness but is the capacity of dealing with one's challenges in reaction to the fluctuations in their settings, social circle, and personality. Some factors affect how people view health, and one of the factors is social conditions such as cultural influences. Culture is the daily belief that people believe in about a particular situation in their society. For instance, individuals in the industrialized countries view health as the social, physical, and environmental wellbeing of a person. When one is having difficulties in coping with the challenges at their workplace or homes, they are considered not healthy. Physical ailment and disabilities in these cultures are seen as unhealthy conditions likewise when one's economic status is below the average and cannot adequately meet his or her needs comfortably; then they are deemed not healthy (Sorensen et al.,2012). On the contrary in other countries that are not westernized, the people's view of health is only the physical aspect. In these cultures only when one is suffering from a disease or has a disability is when they are considered not to be healthy. Some cultural beliefs have been integrated into religious beliefs that are corrupted by their faith about what health entails. This group of people views all aspects affecting an individual as healthy and therefore do not take caution in the event of an illness. When one of their own has a disability or falls sick due to a disease, they believe that it is nature and that it is normal according to the fate of the individual. They believe that everybody is bound to face their destiny as planned by supernatural powers hence health to them does not have much meaning (Berkman, Sheridan, Donahue, Halpern Crotty, 2011).They believe that when a person is facing an economic crisis is that they have not put their best foot forward in making sure they are stable and able to meet their needs. Also, they believe that when one is experiencing problems in their bodies because of an occurrence of a disease, it is a punishment from the gods for their wrong doings. The second factor influencing how people view health is their behavior which includes their lifestyle, health principles or pressure (Bostock Steptoe, 2012). Individuals who lead a stress-free life because they are fortunate enough to meet their needs comfortably view the presence of stress as a health problem. Therefore when such an individual is faced with a stressful situation, they are perceived to be experiencing health challenges and are advised to seek attention. It is important to note that stress can be as a result of many issues. For instance, when the economic ability of an individual reduces from what they are used to, they eventually get stressed up hence affecting their mental health. Lifestyle is a factor that also influences how people view health but is closely related to the stress factor. Individuals who lead successful lifestyles are less likely to experience stress therefore to them it is not a health problem. However, when their lifestyles are altered in any way towards the negative, they are faced with a lifetime crisis that leads them to develop stress which results to be a health condition (Coutler, 2012). On the other hand, the people who are used to cheap lifestyles are subjected to high-stress levels; therefore, it is unlikely for them to view it as a health condition. In that light stress is a factor that is considered by a particular group of people regarding their economic status as health. Culture as a factor influencing how people view health is significant to the nursing practice and primary provision in the sense that nurses can deal with different people from various cultural beliefs. Nursing practice and core requirement are characterized activities such as instituting, upholding and refining medical care to patients regarding their culture and their professionalism (Kitson, Marshall, Bassett, Zeitz, 2013). In that case, when a patient view on health is influenced by culture, a nurse should be in a position to offer a lasting solution to their patient. For instance, if an individual believes that health is physical, a nurse should treat and provide medical care about the disability presented or the illness at hand. Stress is the second factor influencing how people view health and therefore a nursing practice, and the central provision should be aimed at dealing with people whose view of health is based on lifestyle behaviors. A nurse, in this case, should be aware and familiar with different lifestyles that people lead so that they can help their patients (Morgan Yonder 2012). For example, when a person expresses a high profiled status, they tend to view anything that would curtail that as stress which in return affects their mental stability. In such a case a nurse should offer professional advice to their patient to recover health. References Berkman, N. D., Sheridan, S. L., Donahue, K. E., Halpern, D. J., Crotty, K. (2011). Low health literacy and health outcomes: an updated systematic review. Annals of internal medicine, 155(2), 97-107. Bostock, S., Steptoe, A. (2012). Association between low functional health literacy and mortality in older adults: longitudinal cohort study. Bmj, 344, e1602. Coutler, A. (2012).Patient engagement-what works?. The Journal of ambulatory care management, 35(2), 80-89. Harris, P., Nagy, S., Vardaxis, N. (2014). Mosby's Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing and Health Professions-Australian New Zealand Edition. Elsevier Health Sciences. Kitson, A., Marshall, A., Bassett, K., Zeitz, K. (2013). What are the core elements of patient-centered care? A narrative review and synthesis of the literature from health policy, medicine and nursing. Journal of advanced nursing, 69(1), 4-15. Marsden, D., Wilkins, J., Gill, C., Dieppe, P. (2014). Galen and wellbeing: Whole Person Care. International Journal of Whole Person Care, 1(2). Morgan, S., Yonder, L. H. (2012). A concept analysis of person-centered care. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 30(1), 6-15. Sorensen, K., Van den Broucke, S., Fullam, J., Doyle, G., Pelikan, J., Slonska, Z., Brand, H. (2012). Health literacy and public health: a systematic review and integration of definitions and model. BMC public health, 12(1), 80.